Essenes in Ancient Sources

If you have heard of the Dead Sea Scrolls, you have probably heard of the Essenes. Many scholars believe that the Essenes were the community responsible for preserving an entire library of scrolls in the Qumran region located next to the Dead Sea. This course explores the Essenes by examining how they are described by Philo, Pliny, Josephus, and wonders whether we can even see glimpses of this distinct group in the New Testament. By exploring this topic across several ancient sources, students learn how to examine ancient literary evidence, expanding their broad understanding of first-century Jews and their varied beliefs.

Skills & Learning Objectives:

By the end of this short course, students will be able to: 
1. Identify what Philo, Pliny and Josephus each say about the Essenes, how their details differ, and how their intended audience changes what they write.
2. Explain why ancient descriptions of religious groups can't always be taken as straightforward and unbiased reporting.
3. Practice careful source comparison, noticing what each ancient writer includes, omits, or emphasizes, considering unique circumstances.
4. Articulate the Qumran–Essene hypothesis and key disagreements around it.
5. Compare the views of Essenes with practices of early Jewish followers of Rabbi Jesus, such as shared property in Acts, and form a reasonable explanation.

The lectures were designed with a diverse audience in mind. This course emphasizes observation, context, and literary awareness rather than particular theological interpretation or practical application. The course is enhanced with downloadable handouts, articles, and links to helpful books. The practical skill development in this course depends entirely on students going beyond passive learning and completing the exercises (which are optional).